Background Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric, has emerged as a promising natural anticancer agent due to its potent bioactive properties. However, its clinical application has been overdue by challenges such as limited bioavailability and stability. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems have emerged as a viable strategy to address the limitations of curcumin. These systems offer enhanced solubility, absorption, and efficacy of curcumin, thereby improving its therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. This review comprehensively examines the use of curcumin nanoemulsions as anticancer agents, focusing on various formulation strategies employed to optimize their physicochemical properties. Additionally, it explores the pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin nanoemulsions and their therapeutic efficacy in different cancer models. Furthermore, the review delves into the underlying mechanisms of action responsible for curcumin's anticancer effects within nanoemulsion formulations. Moreover, it provides a concise overview of patented formulations, ongoing clinical trials, and commercially available products, all serving to substantiate the efficacy and applicability of curcumin in cancer therapy. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential of curcumin nanoemulsions as promising candidates for cancer therapy. Despite current challenges, such as limited clinical translation, the review emphasizes the importance of translational research and personalized medicine approaches in advancing the clinical application of curcumin nanoemulsions. Overall, this comprehensive overview serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to connect the therapeutic benefits of curcumin nanoemulsions in cancer treatment.