Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and often fatal lung disease characterized by the accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix and scarring. Despite recent advancements with pirfenidone and nintedanib, which slow disease progression, effective treatments to halt or reverse PF remain elusive. This review explores the multifaceted role of cytokines in PF pathogenesis, focusing on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukins (ILs), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Understanding the intricate interplay between these cytokines is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we discuss emerging pharmacological strategies, such as PDGF receptor inhibitors and IL modulation, alongside natural solutions that may offer complementary approaches to managing PF. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying cytokine-mediated fibrotic alterations, this review aims to provide insights into potential avenues for improving PF treatment outcomes.